![]() ![]() The chapter will also discuss different variants of surface mining methods including opencast mining, mountainous mining, and artisan mining.ġ.1 Features, technical and economic indicators of open pit developmentĬompared to underground mining methods, the open pit mining method requires removing significant amount of overburden from the pit and moving it outside the mine. The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the general features of open pit mining, ore body characteristics and configurations, stripping ratios and stripping overburden methods, mine elements and parameters, open pit operation cycle, pit slope angle, stability of mine slopes, types of highwall failures, mine closure, and reclamation. Open pit method is usually nonselective, and it includes all high and low-grade zones whereas mining rate is nearly over 20,000 tons mined per day and often necessitates a large capital investment but generally results in high productivity, low operating cost, and good safety conditions. Few large open pits in the world could support such a costly obstacle. Backfilling usually occurs until the pit is completed even then, the high cost of filling these pits with all of the waste removed at the end of the mine life would seriously risk the project’s economics. ![]() Open pit mining is applied to disseminated ore bodies or steeply dipping veins or seams where the mining advance is toward increasing depths. ![]() Open pit mining is considered different from quarrying in the sense that it selectively extracts ore rather than an aggregate or a dimensional stone product. Open pit mining is used for the extraction of both metallic and nonmetallic ores. Open pit mining is defined as the method of extracting any near surface ore deposit using one or more horizontal benches to extract the ore while dumping overburden and tailings (waste) at a specified disposal site outside the final pit boundary. ![]()
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